Sextus Empiricus (fl. 2nd–3rd century CE) was an ancient Greek philosopher and physician, best known for his contributions to Pyrrhonian skepticism. His works provide the most comprehensive surviving account of Greek and Roman skepticism, influencing later thought.
Little is known about his life, but he likely lived in Alexandria, Rome, or Athens. His name suggests ties to the Empiric school of medicine, which emphasized clinical observation over speculation.
His most famous work, Outlines of Pyrrhonism (c.200 CE,) systematically presents Pyrrhonian skepticism, advocating suspension of judgment (epoché) to achieve ataraxia (peace of mind.) His other major work, Against the Dogmatists (c.200 CE,) critiques Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Aristotelian philosophy, arguing certainty in knowledge is unattainable.
Rediscovered in the Renaissance, his writings profoundly influenced modern philosophy, including Rene Descartes, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant. His skepticism challenged dogmatic beliefs, shaping discussions on epistemology and scientific inquiry.
More: Wikipedia • READ: Works by Sextus Empiricus
The Mode of circular reasoning is the form used when the proof itself which ought to establish the matter of inquiry requires confirmation derived from the matter; in this case, being unable to assume either in order to establish the other, we suspend judgement about both.
—Sextus Empiricus
Topics: Reason
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