Stewart Lee Udall (1920–2010) was an American politician, lawyer, and environmentalist known for his influential role as U.S. Secretary of the Interior under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. His tenure was marked by significant legislative and conservation achievements that helped shape modern environmental policy.
Born in St. Johns, Arizona, Udall grew up in a large, politically active family. He attended the University of Arizona, where he earned a law degree and became involved in public service. After serving as a naval officer during World War II, he worked as an attorney and entered politics, serving in the U.S. House of Representatives 1955–61. His advocacy for natural resources and public lands soon set him apart as a forward-thinking leader on environmental issues.
As Secretary of the Interior 1961–69, Udall oversaw the expansion of national parks, monuments, and wildlife refuges. His work contributed to the establishment of 60 new national parks and monuments, including the Grand Canyon’s designation as a national park in 1962. He was instrumental in the passage of the Wilderness Act of 1964, which protected millions of acres of wilderness and set a precedent for future conservation efforts. He also supported the creation of the Land and Water Conservation Fund (1965,) which provided funding for state and local parks and recreation.
Udall authored The Quiet Crisis (1963,) a seminal work that became a foundational text for the emerging environmental movement and emphasized the urgency of protecting natural landscapes and ecosystems. Other notable works include The Myths of August: A Personal Exploration of Our Tragic Cold War Affair with the Atom (1994,) exploring America’s Cold War nuclear history, and The Forgotten Founders: Rethinking the History of the Old West (2002,) challenging traditional narratives of the American West.
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Where nature is concerned, familiarity breeds love and knowledge, not contempt.
—Stewart Udall
The one overriding principle of the conservation movement is that no work of man (save the bare minimum of roads, trails, and necessary public facilities in access areas) should intrude into the wonderful places of the National Park System.
—Stewart Udall
Topics: Wilderness
Plans to protect air and water, wilderness and wildlife are in fact plans to protect man.
—Stewart Udall
Topics: Wilderness, Wildlife, Water
We have, I fear, confused power with greatness.
—Stewart Udall
Topics: Greatness, Power
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